Dining Etiquette and History in Spain

“Today, Spanish dining etiquette retains traditional elements, such as the emphasis on sharing food, reflected in the popularity of ‘Tapas’, they are hot and cold appetizers brought in platters to share and to keep ordering during your entire meal.” – Most authorities agree that in Spain, to be safe, always use utensils for dining, unless of course you’ve ordered or been served Tapas. Tapas (shown above) are small dishes of shared food, which are typically served as snacks or appetizers. They are a staple of Spanish culture and Spain’s cuisine. Served hot or cold, Tapas can make a full meal, when combined together.

Dining has been since the Roman civilization an important social event and many of their customs laid the groundwork for Spanish dining habits. During the medieval period, the Romans introduced the concept of “convivium”, or banquet, emphasizing the importance of communal meals and shared experiences. Meals were often served on a large platter from which diners would eat with their hands, reflecting both practicality and a lack of formal table settings.

As the Spanish Monarchy consolidated power, particularly under the reigns of Charles V and Philip II in the 16th century, table etiquette began to formalize. The introduction of silverware, intricate table settings, and the use of a variety of dining courses were significant changes. Nobility started to adopt more refined manners, such as using knives and forks, which were becoming increasingly common across Europe.

The Baroque period witnessed heightened ceremonial dining, where elaborate meals were often accompanied by strict rules of conduct. The importance of social hierarchy was evident; seating arrangements, serving order, and the presentation of dishes were meticulously planned to reflect status and power. The practice of holding lavish banquets became a means for monarchs to showcase wealth and influence.

In the 18th century, the influence of Enlightenment ideas contributed to changes in etiquette, including a shift towards more egalitarian dining practices. Although the essence of hierarchy remained, the focus on civility, politeness, and respect became more pronounced in royal circles.

The 19th and early 20th centuries marked a period of modernization. The influence of French dining customs were adopted, like the French style of service “à la française”, where dishes are presented on platters. The concept of a formal dining setting, complete with elaborate place settings and the proper use of cutlery, became increasingly important.

Today, Spanish dining etiquette retains traditional elements, such as the emphasis on sharing food, reflected in the popularity of “Tapas”, they are hot and cold appetizers brought in platters to share and to keep ordering during your entire meal. Formal dining still retains its place, especially in business and state contexts, where a clear understanding of hierarchy and decorum is vital. Greeting before meals, the proper use of wine and toasting, and the order of service are all observed meticulously in formal settings.

The history of protocol and etiquette at the table in Spain is a fascinating reflection of its evolving society. From ancient Rome to contemporary gatherings, dining customs embody the country’s diverse cultural heritage, social norms, and values. Understanding this evolution not only enriches the dining experience but also highlights the ongoing significance of hospitality and community in Spanish culture.

Meet our newest contributor, Isabel. E. Martinez, who was educated in Business Management at the Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, in Caracas, Venezuela. After relocating for a few years to Miami, Florida, Isabel developed a company teaching computer skills. Among her clients were Baccardi in Bermuda, and Mavesa, Telcel (Movistar), and Heinz in Venezuela. That is when she discovered her passion for teaching. As her children became adults, she shifted her focus and dedicated her time to teach on subjects she is very passionate about; Hospitality and Table Etiquette. Throughout workshops in English and in Spanish, Isabel works with employees in the hospitality industry, and those business professionals who when interacting with customers, would like to make sure that they are the most professional representations of their companies. Especially when attending business lunches and events. She also offers youth and teen courses in etiquette, helping them to excel with integrity and pride in whatever field they desire to pursue. To learn more about Isabel, visit her website: www.learningschool2.com or @learningschool_2.

🍽Etiquette Enthusiast, Maura J. Graber, is the Site Editor for the Etiquipedia© Etiquette Encyclopedia