Hungarian Business Etiquette

There is an old Hungarian saying:

“A zúrt nagykapu mellett, mindig van egy kiskapu”

Or...

“If the big gate is closed, there’s always a little gate open”

Hungarikum

This term is a combination of “Hungary,” or “Hungaria” and ‘‘unikum’’ meaning “unique.” Hungarians view themselves as citizens quite different from those of other European countries. It can refer to their food, family values, language, folk music, dancing, etiquette and respect. 

The Hungarian language – Magyer— is a unique language that stands under the umbrella of the Uralic language family. The closest known language to Hungarian is the Finnish. Many Hungarians mention this to show uniqueness and it is a source of pride. Hungarians are very respectful and etiquette oriented and will be very aware to show it and expect it to be returned.

Hungarian Names

Before knowing how to use Hungarian greetings it is wise to understand how Hungarians name themselves.

• Hungarians will use surname then first name: Kovács Erzsébet.
• Hungarians will introduce themselves using their surname first and then first name.
• Some married women may want to keep their maiden surname or take on their husbands or take on both names. The word: né is an indicator of marital status. Example: If a woman’s name is “Kovács Erzsébet” and her husband’s name is “Nagy Imre,” she may choose “Nagy Imrené” or she may choose “Kovácsné Nagy Erzsébet.”
• Children traditionally will take on the father’s surname. Hyphenated names are becoming more common than in the past.
• As a term of endearment between friends and family, names can be shortened. For example, men named “Zoltan,” will be called “Zoli.” Or women named “Erzsébet,” may be called “Erzi” as a shortened name.
•  Traditionally, Hungarians may have been named after a religious saint.

Hungarian Greetings 

• In the past, greetings have been gender and aged based.
• It’s best to wait until you are told how a person wants to be addressed, before addressing someone you are meeting.
• The older generation may bow to you.
• If you are known by someone and you have met several times, the person will then use your first name.
• A firm handshake and making eye contact is a suitable greeting.
• Friends and relatives will greet each other with a hug and kiss on each cheek, starting on the left side.
• Men will shake hands only if the women extends her hand first.
• Adults will greet children and teenagers by their first names.
• Children and teenagers will be told how to address an adult.
• During Soviet rule, many Hungarian honorifics were erased from social greetings.

How to Use Honorifics

Please look at the above table and the corresponding numbers to see how to use these Hungarian honorifics. Please note, not everyone will use these terms:

1. “Kovács úr Péter” (surname úr firstname)
2. “Kovács né asszony” (surname)
3. “Mária Kisasszony” (firstname)
4. “Kovács Erzsébet úrhölgy”
5. Kovács néni (using surname), Mária néni (using firstname)
6. Kovács bácsi (using surname), Péter bácsi (using firstname)
7. Kislány Kovács (using surname), Kislány Mária (using firstname)
8. Kisfiú Kovács (using surname), Kisfiú Péter (using first name)


Hungarian Communication

• Hungarian style of communication can be blunt, direct and controversial. To make a point, they will tell a story, use anecdotes with emotion and intensity, mainly to get you thinking. Replying straight after a statement is key, rather than holding back will avoid raising their suspicion.
• Even though Hungarians pride themselves on using etiquette, they will ask probing questions that may make you feel uncomfortable. It is best to have an answer. This will assist in creating trust and open the way for you to ask a tricky question back later.
• Embarrassing a Hungarian in public can be reprehensible on your part. This will lead to bad and lasting ill-feelings. If you feel the need to criticize leave it to a time when you both have privacy.
• Hungarians tend not to show physical affection in public however, this is slowly changing in modern Hungary. There will be differences in how genders display physical contact and based on how well they know each other.
• Personal space for a Hungarian is essential. Crowding them in or getting too close can make them feel uncomfortable.
• Eye contact is especially important. Not looking straight into the eyes of someone can trigger thoughts that the person is hiding something, and they will not pursue friendship or cut their conversation quickly.

Hungarian Business Etiquette 

Hungarians place value on the efforts that go into building business relationships. The efforts include you repeated correspondence, meeting up over time whether it be at a café, restaurantor cultural events, and on the understanding, it takes time and patience. Reciprocating the invitation is advisable, this will build trust and long-term business relationships. Being referred by a Hungarian counterpart is an excellent way to skip some of the beforementioned processes.

• Being on time is key for good social and business relationships to flourish. If you are delayed, immediately call and apologize. Give a reason for being late and promise to be there as soon as you can.
• Appointments should be made two weeks in advance.
• Constantly cancelling appointments will be a red flag to your Hungarian counterpart. Business may not proceed.
• Using titles has been particularly important to Hungarians. Not using someone’s title could mean you are not serious and show disrespect. Always check your previous correspondence and find out the name that your business counterpart prefers to use.
• Hungarians are better with face-to-face contact then through emails, phone calls, Zoom or Skype.
• Initially upon meeting use small talk to get the conversation and trust going. Wait for your business counterpart to steer the conversation. 
• Talking business straight away will concern your Hungarian counterpart. Building trust and showing sincerity is a better route to go. Pressuring business partner and being confrontational will put an end to all business relations.
• Hungarian businesses will have a hierarchical structure which they expect you will respect. 
• If you are wearing a jacket and want to take it off, wait to be invited.
• When there is an agenda, it is best to stay within the agenda, if there are any side topics that can be brought up at the end or at another time.
• Hungarians are incredibly detailed orientated and do not like surprises. When doing business, you need to be open and transparent. Allow for changes to contracts and open dialogue when doing business.
• In dealing with Hungarians in Hungary, during the summer months (July to mid-August), holidays period from mid-December to mid-January will difficult to schedule appointments, especially Friday afternoons.

Hungarian Business Greetings

• Hungarians are very conscious to call you by the name you want to be called by. If you have in your correspondence: Dr Margret Smith, you will be introduced as “Dr Smith Margret.”
• Finding out that you are a CEO or higher rank, you will be given the respect as they would treat you within a Hungarian company.
• If you hear a Hungarian telling you about their university degree upon meeting them, take interest in this and acknowledge the achievement. It is considered a great feat to go to university and pay for it’s fees. 
• If you are doing business within Hungary, its best to invest in a translated business card. One side should be in English or your country of origin and the other side, in Hungarian. Your card should include your surname first, and first name last and any degree abbreviations you have achieved.
• Many Hungarians will know a few languages, depending on the area they where born in and what they have learned in school. This could range from high and low German, French, Croatian, Serbian, Romanian or Russian.

For many years, Etiquipedia contributor, Elizabeth Soos, has had a keen interest in cultural customs. With her European background and extensive travel, Soos developed an interest in the many forms of respect and cultural expectations in the countries she has visited. With her 20 years’ experience in customer service within private international companies based in Australia, and her lifetime interest in manners and research, she decided to branch out into the field of etiquette and deportment. Through her self-directed studies and by completing the Train-The-Trainer’s course offered by Emma Dupont’s School of Etiquette in London and by Guillaume Rue de Bernadac at Academie de Bernadac based in Paris and Shanghai, she founded Auersmont School of Etiquette.

Etiquette Enthusiast, Maura Graber, is the Site Editor for the Etiquipedia© Etiquette Encyclopedia

Hungarian Social and Dining Etiquette

In the 18th century café tables became smaller, la petite table or gueridon, allowing more people to fit in. In cafés, tables were made from marble with wrought iron legs, making the ideal shape for collaborations and comfortable communication. The middle-class coffee-houses had square tables with solid mahogany legs. Over time, many cafés removed walls to allow patrons to eat and drink coffee in gardens. They soon completed with many restaurants due to their expanding hot and cold menus. Coffee was always served in glasses and never cups, unless requested.— György Klösz, Cafe Reitter on Andrássy Avenue Opposite the Opera House (1896). Photograph source, Kiscell Collection, Budapest History Museum

Hungarikum

This term is a combination of “Hungary,” or “Hungaria” and ‘‘unikum’’ meaning “unique.” Hungarians view themselves as citizens quite different from those of other European countries. It can refer to their food, family values, language, folk music, dancing, etiquette and respect. 

The Hungarian language – Magyer— is a unique language that stands under the umbrella of the Uralic language family. The closest known language to Hungarian is the Finnish. Many Hungarians mention this to show uniqueness and it is a source of pride. Hungarians are very respectful and etiquette oriented and will be very aware to show it and expect it to be returned.

Hungarian Names

Before knowing how to use Hungarian greetings it is wise to understand how Hungarians name themselves.

• Hungarians will use surname then first name: Kovács Erzsébet.
• Hungarians will introduce themselves using their surname first and then first name.
• Some married women may want to keep their maiden surname or take on their husbands or take on both names. The word: né is an indicator of marital status. Example: If a woman’s name is “Kovács Erzsébet” and her husband’s name is “Nagy Imre,” she may choose “Nagy Imrené” or she may choose “Kovácsné Nagy Erzsébet.”
• Children traditionally will take on the father’s surname. Hyphenated names are becoming more common than in the past.
• As a term of endearment between friends and family, names can be shortened. For example, men named “Zoltan,” will be called “Zoli.” Or women named “Erzsébet,” may be called “Erzi” as a shortened name.
•  Traditionally, Hungarians may have been named after a religious saint.

Hungarian Greetings 

• In the past, greetings have been gender and aged based.
• It’s best to wait until you are told how a person wants to be addressed, before addressing someone you are meeting.
• The older generation may bow to you.
• If you are known by someone and you have met several times, the person will then use your first name.
• A firm handshake and making eye contact is a suitable greeting.
• Friends and relatives will greet each other with a hug and kiss on each cheek, starting on the left side.
• Men will shake hands only if the women extends her hand first.
• Adults will greet children and teenagers by their first names.
• Children and teenagers will be told how to address an adult.
• During Soviet rule, many Hungarian honorifics were erased from social greetings.

Hungarian Families

Hungarians love their families and the centre of the social structure. Grandparents play an important role in helping to raising and teaching their grandchildren. They have strong ties with their immediate family and will live in proximity to their children. In years before, extended families often lived together and may still in the country areas. Food plays a huge role between families and friends. It is a way to show love and generosity.

Hungarians have tended to a patriarchal society, where the male is the authority. Historically, in some country areas, women ate around the dining room, whilst the men sat on chairs at the table. Today city and suburban areas, the main decision makers are both partners and families have modernised in customs and attitudes.


Hungarian Dining Etiquette

Hungarian pride resides in that Hungarians enjoy using the correct forms and want everyone to do the same. Here are forms of etiquette to know:

• Arriving on time is key in showing respect, you will have 5 – 10 minutes “grace time.” At a party you will have a grace period of 30 minutes.
• Replying to an invitation is essential, in a few days of receiving it, not at the last minute.
• Many houses require that you take off your shoes and you will be given slippers, otherwise known as “papucs.”
• Its rude to walk around the house, you are there for socialising, building relationships and enjoying the home cooking and hospitality.
• When in the company of a person, humming, fidgeting, whistling is considered impolite.
• Never make disparaging remarks about Hungarian food, wine and spirits. 
• If you have religious requirements or food allergies, please make your host aware beforehand, never on the day!
• When sneezing, use a tissue. 
• When yawning your mouth should be covered. 
• Never pick your teeth in front of guests or family. 
• Elbows never go onto the table.
• If you are not a close friend, arriving unannounced to someone’s house will cause unease.
• Always use your formal dining manners at any meal and wait for the host to start.
• Most Hungarian meals will be a three-course meal and sometimes even more.
• Breakfast will be a quick and light meal. Lunch traditionally was the main meal of the day however dinner is fast becoming the main meal.
• Leaving food on your plate is considered rude, as is seasoning your meal with salt and pepper. It may be showing you do not like the food or that the chef is a bad cook.
• If you do not want your glass to be re-filled, leave ½ of wine in the glass. Traditionally, it has been the male of the house that will fill your glass.
• Leaving your place setting neat and tidy with cutlery in the correct place on your plate when finished is a sign of politeness.
• It is traditional for the host to offer and re-offer food and drinks during your lunch or dinner. Offering food and beverages are an indicator of friendship and hospitality.
• You may be served palinka which is a fruit brandy, before or after a meal. Your host will want to drink it with you. Before drinking you will look your host or guests in their eyes, clink glasses and say to your health: Egészségedre or to our health: Egészségünkre.
• Never clink glasses with beer. This goes back to Hungary's 1848 revolution against the Habsburgs. Hungarians vowed not clinking glasses should happen for 150 years. Even now that the time period has now ended, it is still not done.
• When invited, bring gifts such as chocolates, flowers or Western liquor that cannot be found in the supermarket or local corner shop.
• Never bring wine as national pride lies in the wine that is produced in Hungary.
• When bringing a gift, it may be opened in front of you and be thanked for it.
• Many people are superstitious in Hungary and avoid the number 13. When bringing flowers check the number of flowers making sure the total is an odd number. Also avoid lilies, chrysanthemums or red roses.

Talking Topics

• One of the Hungarian characteristics is the love of socialising and sharing stories.
• Positively talking about food, wine, spirits and the how you want to visit certain places in Hungary one day, or even your great experiences traveling there, asking about their family members or talking about good friendships you have had with other Hungarians, will win friends
• Talking about bodily functions, animals, World War I & II, Communism, a person’s economic means, ethnic minorities in Hungary (which may include gypsies and refugees), may be offensive and make your host unhappy.
• Great talking topics: Rubik’s Cube invented by Ernő Rubik, the biro pen invented by László Bíró, Vitamin C discovered by Albert Szent-Györgyi, Olympic Games where476 medals were won. Winning the FIFA World Cup in 1954.

For many years, Etiquipedia contributor, Elizabeth Soos, has had a keen interest in cultural customs. With her European background and extensive travel, Soos developed an interest in the many forms of respect and cultural expectations in the countries she has visited. With her 20 years’ experience in customer service within private international companies based in Australia, and her lifetime interest in manners and research, she decided to branch out into the field of etiquette and deportment. Through her self-directed studies and by completing the Train-The-Trainer’s course offered by Emma Dupont’s School of Etiquette in London and by Guillaume Rue de Bernadac at Academie de Bernadac based in Paris and Shanghai, she founded Auersmont School of Etiquette.

Etiquette Enthusiast, Maura Graber, is the Site Editor for the Etiquipedia© Etiquette Encyclopedia